METHODS:

Nine participants were included in this study. These individuals were recruited through ads on Facebook and snapchat. Individuals between the ages of 20 to 45 were included in this study. Individuals who were included in the previous study and individuals with diagnosed disease or illness that may impair cognitive abilities were excluded from this study. The participants in this study included 5women and 4 men with a minimum of a high school education. Individuals were randomly assigned to one of the three groups by randomly drawing their names out of a hat. In group one individuals were given the easy PINGO cards to play. In group two individuals were given the medium PINGO cards to play. In group three individuals were given the hard PINGO card to play. The games were presented in three separate room and hosted by the researcher. Individuals in this study were asked to complete the paper folding test after the trial. The results for the spatial test were computerized and analyzed. Individuals in all groups were escorted into separate rooms to complete their assigned game. In each room individuals where given verbal instructions on how to play PINGO.  Each game was completed three times with 15 minutes Intervals after each completed game. Once the game was finish individuals were escorted into a different room to complete the paper folding test.

RESULTS:

The results collected from the paper folding test after the game was computerized and analyzed for each group. The results showed that individuals in the hard playing card group were more accurate in their identification of the rotated card than the easy and medium playing card group. Individuals in the hard playing card group on average accurately identified the folded paper in 16 out of 20 trials (SD= .54). Individuals in the medium playing card group on average accurately identified the folded paper in 14 out of 20 trials (SD= 1.00) Individuals in the easy playing card group on average accurately identified the folded paper in 12 out of 20 trials (SD= 2.00). Table 1 shows the results for the average scores for the paper folding test in each of the three PINGO groups. The results showed that individuals in the hard playing card group were significantly more accurate than in the easy plaguing card group (p= .003). The results showed that individuals in the hard playing card were not significantly more accurate than in the medium playing card group (p= 0.124). The results showed that individuals in the medium playing card were not significantly more accurate than in the easy playing card group (p= 0.196).

Table 1:

Individuals in the easy group.